11 and 13 are both wrong because it's either or, so when you "or" it is always inclusive. You cannot assume that one is wrong or none is right. For example. 1. You win the lottery(P), then you've played the lottery(Q). If you do win the lottery (2) then the conclusion is that you did not play the lottery but that is not true. You can play the lottery and not win.
5 is right because we know that both P and Q are true. That means if the conclusion is Q then it is valid because we already know it is true. For example 1. You play the lottery(P) and you win the lottery(Q) then the conclusion can be you won the lottery since we already know its true.
11 and 13 are both wrong because it's either or, so when you "or" it is always inclusive. You cannot assume that one is wrong or none is right. For example. 1. You win the lottery(P), then you've played the lottery(Q). If you do win the lottery (2) then the conclusion is that you did not play the lottery but that is not true. You can play the lottery and not win.
ReplyDelete5 is right because we know that both P and Q are true. That means if the conclusion is Q then it is valid because we already know it is true. For example 1. You play the lottery(P) and you win the lottery(Q) then the conclusion can be you won the lottery since we already know its true.
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